The Japanese system incorporates stricter dimensional requirements for the plug housing, different marking requirements, and mandatory testing and approval by METI or JIS.[44]. Can gain to the maximum destroy the speaker? The recess provided by CEE 7/3 and CEE 7/5 sockets offers protection against touching the live pins of CEE 7/4, CEE 7/6 and CEE 7/7 plugs. This alternative is seldom used. Australia's standard plug/socket system was originally codified as standard C112 (floated provisionally in 1937, and adopted as a formal standard in 1938), which was superseded by AS 3112 in 1990. The CEI 23-50 P 40 socket, which is quickly becoming the standard in Italy along with CEI 23-50 P 17/11, accepts CEE 7/4, CEE 7/7, CEE 7/16, CEE 7/17, CEI 23-50 S 10, CEI 23-50 S 11, CEI 23-50 S 16 and CEI 23-50 S 17 plugs; its drawback is that it does not accept SPA 11, SPB 11, SPA 17 and SPB 17 side-entry plugs; however almost no appliance is sold with these types, which are mainly used to replace existing plugs. The electricity on the two supplies was separately metered, was sold at different tariffs, was taxed differently and was supplied through separate and different sockets. Although similar to the Europlug Type C, the diameter and spacing of the pins are slightly different and hence it will not fit into a Schuko socket. A 13 amp fuse will be OK, so it's not marginal. [23] EU countries each have their own regulations and national standards; for example, some require child-resistant shutters, while others do not. Since Brazil adopted the NBR 14136 standard which includes a 20 A version, the original motivation to use the NEMA 10-20 plug has ceased to exist. Shutters over the line and neutral pins are mandatory. The only country to have officially adopted the standard is South Africa as SANS 164-2.[29][30]. Left: Bticino Magic Security socket, detail. This Danish standard plug is described in the Danish Plug Equipment Section 107-2-D1 Standard sheet (SRAF1962/DB 16/87 DN10A-R). The Schuko system is unpolarised, allowing line and neutral to be reversed. It has an earthing pin and two flat current-carrying pins forming an inverted V-shape (120°). When commercial electric power was first introduced in the 1880s, it was used primarily for lighting. A socket may be surrounded by a decorative or protective cover[1] which may be integral with the socket. Adapters between standards are not included in the standards, and as a result they have no formal quality criteria defined. The current Italian standards provide for sockets to have child-resistant shutters ("Sicury" patent).[37]. A technical standard may include compatibility of a socket with more than one form of plug. Originally the plugs had a round base. Some people overload them, thus leading to accidents). These two standards are; IRAM 2073 "Two pole plugs with earthing contact for domestic and similar purposes, rated 10 A and 20 A, 250 V AC" and IRAM 2071 "Two pole socket – outlets with earthing contact for 10 A and 20 A, 250 V AC., for fixed installations." The Danish standard provides for sockets to have child-resistant shutters. This standard is also used in Belgium, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and some other countries. Safety advocates, the United States Army,[5] and a manufacturer of sockets[6] point out a number of safety issues with universal socket and adapters, including voltage mismatch, exposure of live pins, lack of proper earth ground connection, or lack of protection from overload or short circuit. [49] The standard defines a hierarchical system of plugs and sockets with two, three and five pins, and 10 A or 16 A ratings. The different style of plug makes it more difficult for office workers to connect computer equipment to a standard unprotected power line, or to overload the UPS by connecting other office appliances. Plugs are shaped to prevent finger contact with live parts, and sockets may be recessed. [33] Both are symmetrical, allowing the line and neutral contacts to be inserted in either direction. In some jurisdictions, they violate safety standards for sockets.[3][4]. The CEE 7/3 socket and CEE 7/4 plug are commonly called Schuko, an abbreviation for Schutzkontakt, Protective contact to earth. The Vimar-brand universale (all purpose) socket accepts CEE 7/4, CEE 7/7, CEE 7/16, CEE 7/17, CEI 23-50 S 10, CEI 23-50 S 11, CEI 23-50 S 16, CEI 23-50 S 17 and also NEMA 1-15 (US/Japan) plugs (older versions also had extra holes to accept UK shaver plugs). [22] CEE 7 consists of general specifications and standard sheets for specific connectors. The system is not compatible with Italian CEI plugs, nor with Europlugs. Though very rarely seen today, it is still marked as available in BTicino’s catalogue,[64] (except for the three-phase version, which stopped production in July 2011). In Australia these piggy-back plugs are now available only on pre-made extension leads. The earth pin is offset 3.0 mm. It defines a plug with an earthing pin, and two flat current-carrying pins which form an inverted V-shape. This includes models rated at 10 A and 16 A that differ in contact diameter and spacing (see below for details). The contacts are positioned on both sides of the plug; the plug is energised only when it is inserted fully into the socket. Unlike the Europlug, it is rated 6 A. It is rated at 16 A. On 4 December 2009, the TK23 Technical Committee issued the new revised edition of the Swiss standard SEV 1011:2009 for 10-A plugs and 11/12 sockets to provide, among other things, improved protection against contact with partially insulated pins can. The plugs and sockets used in a given area are regulated by local governments. Isolation transformers and dedicated NEMA 1-15 shaver receptacles were once standard installation practice in North America, but now a GFCI receptacle is used instead. The standard for Chinese plugs and sockets (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) is set out in GB 2099.1‐2008 and GB 1002‐2008. In Brazil, similar plugs and sockets are still commonly used in old installations for high-power appliances like air conditioners, dishwashers, and household ovens. Australian and New Zealand wall sockets almost always have switches on them for extra safety, as in the UK. ie = if I was running 600 watt lamps, how many could I run on one 13 amp fused plug. Universal sockets may not meet technical standards for durability, plug retention force, temperature rise of components, or other performance requirements, as they are outside the scope of national and international technical standards. It has two round pins measuring 4.8 by 19 mm (0.189 by 0.748 in). The letter system first appeared in such guides in 1967 (. Electrical plugs and sockets differ from one another in voltage and current rating, shape, size, and connector type. Italian plugs and sockets are defined by the standard CEI 23-50 which superseded CEI 23-16. The line pin is on the left when looking at a socket with the earth pin offset down. Mismatch in frequency between supply and appliances may still cause problems even at the correct voltage. Thai Industrial Standard (TIS) 166-2547 and its subsequent update TIS 166-2549[53] replaced prior standards which were based on NEMA 1-15 and 5-15, as Thailand uses 220 V electricity. with Argentinian IRAM plugs. The round base has no notches. To reduce the risk of electric shock, plug and socket systems have safety features in addition to the recessed contacts of the energised socket. On the plugs, the pole length is 18.2 mm (0.717 in) for the 10 A version and 17.8 mm (0.701 in) for the 20 A version. Side by side comparison of Italian CEI 23-50 S 17 and S 11 plugs and sockets rated 16 A (left) and 10 A (right). The BS 1363 plug has a fuse rated to protect the appliance and its flexible cord from overload and consequent fire risk. The standard is used in Germany and several other European countries and on other continents. The plug defined in SI 32 (IS16A-R) is used only in Israel and in the territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip.

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